The Myth Of Baucis And Philemon, And Chylde Roland And The...

Every story provides good examples of morals with each containing an important lesson to learn. Morals are conveyed in stories to give the reader an idea or thought. All stories have some, if not many things to say and every story conveys a message to whomever may be reading. The answer to the question of why morals are conveyed in stories is that it’s simply just a helpful learning tool. Moral values are characterized as a helpful learning tool that involves improving respect and behavior and also improving/enhancing relationships. Knowing what appears right and what appears wrong shapes a character’s element. Right decisions and interactions with other people are considered improved when involved with good moral values. As individuals we understand that life is important and moral values shapes us throughout our lives. â€Å"The Myth of Baucis and Philemon,† â€Å"The Story of Five Heads,† and â€Å"Chylde Roland and the Goblin King† are all examp les of different stories that portray morals. Infants are taught to show respect to adults along with other people by morals. Parents fight to enforce these values into their children for their own personal good with establishing what’s considered right and wrong. Moral values teach an individual that being honest improves the chance to be recognized while achieving their goals. The important role in moral values is overall stability. Every story has something to say and that something can impact all us all with how we learn. Moral values

The U.S. Central American Free Trade Agreement Essay

The U.S.-Central American Free Trade Agreement (CAFTA). The U.S.-Central American Free Trade Agreement(CAFTA) is a trade agreement that is being negotiated between the United States and five Central American countries: Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, and Nicaragua. The United States is committed to opening markets around the world because American farmers, workers, consumers and businesses want to sell our world class goods and services. CAFTA will simplify trade; promote investment; slash tariffs on goods; remove barriers to trade in services; provide advanced intellectual property protections; promote regulatory transparency; strengthen labor and environmental conditions; and, provide an effective system to†¦show more content†¦Potential benefits that CAFTA offers, as World Bank research suggests, include the transfer of technology from the U.S., wider access to the U.S. market, and an increase in direct investment in Central American countries.[iv] Other opportunities for the Central American region includes investing more in education, increasing the skills of the work force, improving businesses to fight corruption and increasing the areas infrastructure. Each of the aforementioned factors can help Central America boosting economic growth, creating jobs and reducing poverty. Although the agreement sounds promising for both of the Americas, a portion of citizens from the U.S. and Central America believe that CAFTA is unfair. Central America is deficient in any sort of economic payoff even after a decade of improvements, together with a considerable lowering of trade barriers. Latinbarometer regional surveys of Central America report deterioration in support for recent political and economic reforms that trend in the negative direction:[v] * 58% of Central Americans are unsatisfied with the performance of their market economies. * 68% say that privatization has been a bad idea. * 80% believe that corruption has increased. * 50% say that democracy does not function in the region. * 85% have little or no confidence in their political parties. These statistics demonstrate that Central America does not have stable economic and social impact in theirShow MoreRelatedHistory Of CAFTA-DR924 Words   |  4 PagesThe What, Where, and How’s The Central American Free Trade Agreement is an expansion of the North American Free Trade Agreement and is the largest free trade agreement. It expanded by including five Central American nations. CAFTA members are United States and Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras, Costa Rica, Nicaragua, and the Dominican Republic. The Central American Free Trade Agreement started on April 1, 2006, when Honduras and Nicaragua fully implemented the agreement. On May 18, 2006, the CongressRead MoreEssay about The Central American Free Trade Agreement1178 Words   |  5 PagesThe Central American Free Trade Agreement CAFTA is a proposed international free trade agreement between the United States and numerous countries within Central America. Some of the nations who could potentially participate in this treaty are Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, and Nicaragua. This proposed agreement stems primarily from the fact the United States relies on Central America as a primary export market. In fact, it is believed this area of world is Americas 18th largestRead MoreCentral America Free Trade Agreement1242 Words   |  5 PagesCentral America Free Trade Agreement and Its Economic Impact Overview Negotiations started in early 2004 on the Central America Free Trade Agreement, later on in the negotiation process the Dominican Republic joined to make CAFTA-DR. The original countries that made up CAFTA were Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, and Nicaragua with the Dominican Republic joining forces later on. CAFTA was coupled together with NAFTA and the Canada-Costa Rica Trade Agreement separating them from theRead MoreRole Of The United States On The Age Of Globalization1241 Words   |  5 Pagesof globalization and will provide an overview of trade agreements enacted in the textile and apparel industry. A discussion of the different trade agreements and how the U.S. textile and apparel industry has been affected by those agreements will be given along with ideas about what the United States can do to continue to operate in the domestic market of textiles and apparel. HISTORY OF THE UNITED STATES TEXTILE AND APPAREL INDUSTRY The American textile industry has been around for as long as theRead MoreThe North American Free Trade Agreement1711 Words   |  7 PagesThis paper will discuss four components of the North American Free Trade Agreement: Background, events, pros and cons. Upon the research, you will discover four online articles to provide more detail and examples. This research will indicate how it was developed and the reasoning on why it would benefit the nation. Also, it will provide events that occur after the agreement was signed by congress and the recession the countries experience during the early 2000s. There will be a chart locatedRead MoreAn Exhibition Of First Class Art Performance Dance And Theatre1372 Words   |  6 Pagesfirst class art performance dance and theatre. Held during the first week of March. †¨ Fruits Festival — Celebration and appreciation of the myriad of fruits the island/country offers. An array of all the most exotic fruits are offered to people for free on June 1st! Easter — Easter eggs, egg hunts, food, gifts, and treats are a way of celebrating the resurrection of Jesus Christ in the month of April International Beach Clean Up Day — To honour what the land has to offer, visitors and locals gatherRead MoreFree Trade : U.s. A And Canada1373 Words   |  6 PagesFREE TRADE BETWWEN U.S.A AND CANADA The first thing we should understand is what is what is FREE TRADE or the meaning of FREE TRADE The definition which I can think of is Free trade is international policy where governments doesn’t create any restriction and on goods and other materials to import or export smoothly and no heavy taxes are applied so that both countries can operate smoothly and gain profit. OR The treaty in which 2Read MoreFree Vs. Fair Trade844 Words   |  4 PagesFree vs. Fair Trade Trade opens up a whole new playing field of economic benefits and international relationships, and greatly impacts the marketplace. Lately, trade has taken a seat in the spotlight as the Trans-Pacific Partnership, a major free trade agreement spanning a dozen countries, was signed in February 2016 after seven years of negotiations. Implementation of the TPP agreement is not yet underway, but the impacts of such a deal have already created an insatiable buzz of debate. How willRead MoreThe Dominican Republic-Central America-United Stats Free Trade Agreement1218 Words   |  5 PagesRegional Trade Agreement (RTA) have remained fairly consistent. Along with the prospects of economic growth and development, countries aim to achieve economic and social stability, poverty reduction, and an increase in labor provisions. As with many developing countries, RTAs encounter a wide range of complications that hinder economic prosperity. In some cases, RTAs that are formed with good intentions by countries who seek growth come to have a negative effect on a country within the agreement. TheRead MoreU.s. Foreign Agricultural Production1492 Words   |  6 PagesThe U.S. has always been an importer of commodities that cannot be cultivated here such as bananas, mangos, cocoa and coffee. However, the U.S. has begun to import products that Americans are used to growing themselves. According to Phillip Abbot, a professor of agricultural economics at Purdue University, â€Å"the problem is that other nations have successfully grabbed the markets U.S. farmers were counting on. Exports of the U.S. s biggest commodities such as corn, soybeans and wheat have been flat

Demand and Supply of Homes Free Samples for Students-Myassignment

Question: Discuss about the Demand and Supply of Homes in Major Australian Cities. Answer: Introduction The article Housing affordability looks set to worsen by David Scutt on 1st February 2017 presents the condition of real estate market among major towns in Australia. The house prices in Australian capital city increased by the highest level in 2016 since the year 2009. The prices grew by 13.7% and 15.5% in Melbourne and Sydney respectively. The rising prices in these cities are attributed to the limited supply of houses and increase in the demand which has resulted in affordability crisis. The demand for homes has been fueled by the cut in interest rates in May and August 2016 as well as increased in investor lending. It is believed that the prices of houses will continue to rise in 2017, but the situation is expected to cool down in coming years. This assumption is based on the fact that new houses are under construction in Melbourne and Sydney(Scutt, 2017). On the demand side, with no possibility of cuts in interests and modest growth in household income and weak wages will help p ut the demand on the check. The issue of housing affordability is not only of concern to the government but also to economists in various institutions like the Commonwealth Bank. The government has a significant role in controlling demand side factors such as reducing immigration levels as well as limiting foreign and investor demand for houses. Housing affordability will be enhanced by progressive reforms to stabilize demand and supply. Economic Analysis Demand for Houses The demand for houses in the major cities in Australia is affected by several factors. Foremost, there is the issue of population pressure. Cities especially Sydney and Melbourne have experience population increase in the recent years. With a high number of people in the cities, the demand for accommodation has increased significantly pushing up the prices. Investor activity is another factor that has increased pressure on houses. Both local and foreign investors are purchasing the homes, not for use, but they hold them in anticipation of price increase to get capital gains when they resale on higher prices(Lindeman, 2011). In 2016 May and August, the interest rates were slashed a situation that encouraged many individuals to take loans to buy houses due to the low cost of borrowing. Moreover, the tax concession on housing provided by the government has also been a significant factor in pushing up the investor demand for houses and hence an increase in the price. The tax concessions together with the low cost of borrowing are contributing to speculative demand from the investors. Before a shift in the demand, the equilibrium in the market is attained at point A where the equilibrium price is Pe while the quantity is Qe housing units. However, the rise in demand caused by the factors mentioned above makes the demand curve to shift from D1 to D2. The equilibrium point changes to B with an increase in the price of homes from Pe to P1. Likewise, the number of houses demanded increases to Q1. Supply of Houses As the demand for houses has been increasing, the supply has been unable to respond to the rising demand. Various factors hinder the delivery of new dwelling units in Australia. Firstly, the planning process of constructing houses is said to be too complex. It takes a long time for the parties to settle development approvals. In the recent decades, Infrastructure provision such as water, roads, energy, and sewerage has been shifted to the developers. This move has increased the cost of construction, and the developers often pass the costs to the buyers(Khezr, 2015). The land restrictions policies in Australia also increases the costs of compliance and hence a discouragement to the developers. Additionally, insufficient finances hinder the ability of the developers to deliver additional homes(Haslam McKenzie Rowley, 2013). Due to these constraints, there is a shortage of dwellings in the market. On the diagram below, the number of houses demanded by the consumers is Q2 while the deve lopers can only supply Qe. Hence the difference between Q2 and Qe represents a shortage in the market. The price elasticity of demand for dwellings in Australia is inelastic. Homes are essential for the individuals. For example, if a person works within Sydney he or she must find a home in this town near a place of work. Even if the price increases, the person will still have to buy a house. Additionally, the substitute for homes is the rented houses. The rents in Sydney are also high, and most of them are not in good condition, and yet the private landlords keep on increasing the prices(Yates Berry, 2011). The best alternative for most persons is buying the house regardless of the price and hence price inelasticity of demand. Therefore, it is evident that the affordability of homes in the main cities in Australia will not change soon if the government fails to intervene. The most important step the government should take is to ensure the equitable and sufficient provision of the infrastructure. The cost of developing important infrastructures such as roads, water, energy, and sewerage contributes significantly to the higher prices of homes(Rahman, 2010). In the regions where the government does not deliver the required infrastructure, then the property developers will make the purchasers of home bear the costs. Better infrastructure will increase the availability of strategically located land for construction of new homes. The government should provide sufficient support to the charities and other parties involved in the construction of affordable houses to increase the supply. Moreover, there is a need to relax stringent land use policies and ease access to funds for construction of residential units. Conclusion Australian major cities have been hit by housing affordability crisis in the recent years. The prices are high thus hindering the low-income individuals to access affordable dwelling units. If this trend continues, most of the public sector workers will find it difficult to stay at their workplace while others forced to reside in substandard dwellings. This situation depicts that houses are essentials for Australians and governmental intervention to restore the anomalies is highly desirable. It is important for the state to give emphasis on increasing the supply of affordable apartments. Favorable land use policies, adequate financing, and development of core infrastructures will boost the provision of new dwellings, and hence affordability will be improved. Bibliography Haslam McKenzie, F. M., Rowley, S. (2013). Housing Market Failure in a Booming Economy. Housing Studies , 373-388. Khezr, P. (2015). Time on the market and price change: the case of Sydney housing market. Applied Economics , 485-498. Lindeman, J. (2011). Mastering the Australian housing market. Richmond, Vic: Wiley. Rahman, M. M. (2010). The Australian housing market - understanding the causes and effects of rising prices. Policy Studies , 577-590. Scutt, D. (2017, Feb 1st). CBA: Housing affordability looks set to worsen. Retrieved April 26th, 2017, from Business Insinder, Australia: https://www.businessinsider.com.au/cba-australian-housing-affordability-looks-set-to-worsen-2017-1 Yates, J., Berry, M. (2011). Housing and Mortgage Markets in Turbulent Times: Is Australia Different? . Housing Studies , 1133-1156.

Strategic Business Unit free essay sample

A Strategic Business Unit (SBU) is when a unit comprises one or more products having a common market base whose manager has complete responsibility for integrating all function in to a strategy against an identifiable competitor. An SBU is composed of a product or product lines having identifiable independence from other products or product lines in term of competition, prices, substitutability of product, style/quality, and impact of product withdrawal. (Kendrick, 2009) Sometimes a division in a company may have two or more SBUs. Body The product market analysis of the 2012 Chevy Silverado 2500HD LTZ Series is: A 4-wheel drive pickup truck with crew cab standard box with four doors. It has a maximum torque of 765 lbs/ft and payload of 4212 lbs. It also has a package deal and leather seats, with heated and cooling options. Also has an enhancement performance on the Tow/Haul mode and a choice of having a Duramax 6. We will write a custom essay sample on Strategic Business Unit or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page 6L Turbo-Diesel and Allison Transmission or a 6. 0 L V8 Engine with Flex fuel capability. It has a 36 gallon tank and when using Duramax engine, it offers up to 680 highway miles. Its technology has the On-star function with auto-start remote access, a Siriux XM Satellite Radio, rear vision camera, Bluetooth Wireless Technology and USB Port for your MP3 player. Lastly, it has Stabilitrak and a Diesel Exhaust Braking System. 1. Their primary competitors are other trucks that have similar functions and technology. Some of the trucks out there like the GMC Sierra 2500, Toyota Tundra, Ford F250, Nissan Titan and the Dodge Ram Truck. All these truck have similar gadgets and technology, but what really concerns the customers, is of course, the price, the MPG on highway and streets, the horse power and or torque and the towing capacity. According to US News Magazine truck analysis, the best truck is currently the Ford Heavy Duty and then the Chevrolet 2500HD. 2. The target market for the product is usually males with construction jobs or who likes to tow and likes loading capacity of a truck. I, too, am a target customer for this, and I want one so that I can load anything in the back and take it with me. I also like the torque and the horse power of the trucks. I guess you can say it’s a manly kind of thing. But I do see some females like to own one, maybe because they are from the country side or something. In a nutshell, I truly believe the target market would be rural areas with farmlands. 3. The product is positioned in the market to compete with other competitors. Chevy shows great commercials of their capabilities and has been marketing the toughness of their trucks. They use statistics and value of how they can perform. The image it sells is sexy in a way, because it looks so clean and presentable. They have different packages to choose from, like diesel or gasoline, 4WD or 2WD, the kinds of seats and entertainment packages. The price is a little steep, but comes with the quality and a 5 year or 100,000 miles warranty. It is been sold everywhere in the states and cities. Heck it can be sold in American Samoa and different parts of the world. Its distribution is worldwide and verily available. In my opinion on if they are successful in the market world, I would say so. Write in third person †¦ give your reasoning but don’t refer to yourself and then back up your points with research. They are ranked second on the top rank trucks by US News. It might be higher in other countries. But I believe they are getting the product sold in numerous places and their commercials have done a great job in making the audience believe in their product. The product in being positioned as the best truck in the world, and it has the US labor and sweat in building it to be the toughest truck there is. It builds the American economy and it creates jobs for America. The only outside influence I can think off would be taxes and the way people think about American trucks versus their own. I have uncles that think Japanese cars and trucks are better and last longer than American automobiles. They buy cause of engine quality and long lasting. Americans buy it cause of safety and how tough it is in case of an accident. That is what people believe. Conclusion The only impact that I can think of for the customer to have is either they have a good product or they don’t. Chevy products are good products and most Americans will be great happy in having a Chevy or an American product. Some might have problems, but Chevy will always willing to help anyone. I own a 2007 Chevy Suburban, and I had some issues with it for its technology packages that led to some oil issues. My warranty was out, but was able to convince General Motors to help pay for the issue. The customer service will always be there for American Products. You had some good information. Be sure to leave â€Å"you† out of it though. References: Kendrick, T. , (2009) Identifying and Managing Project Risk, essential tools for failure-proofing your project, 2nd Edition, New York, NY: AMACOM.

Hyperlocal Journalism Definition and Impact

Hyperlocal Journalism Definition and Impact Hyperlocal journalism, sometimes called microlocal journalism, refers to coverage of events and topics on an extremely small, local scale. An example might be a website that covers a specific neighborhood or even a particular section or block of a neighborhood. Hyperlocal journalism focuses on news that would usually not be covered by larger mainstream media outlets, which tend to follow stories of interest to a citywide, statewide or regional audience. For instance, a hyperlocal journalism site might include an article about the local Little League baseball team, an interview with a World War II vet who lives in the neighborhood, or the sale of a home down the street. Hyperlocal news sites have much in common with weekly community newspapers, though hyperlocal sites tend to focus on even smaller geographic areas. And while weeklies are usually printed, most hyperlocal journalism tends to be online, thus avoiding the costs associated with a printed paper. In this sense, hyperlocal journalism also has much in common with citizen journalism. Hyperlocal news sites tend to emphasize reader input and interaction more than a typical mainstream news site. Many feature blogs and online videos created by readers. Some tap into databases from local governments to provide information on things like crime and area road construction. Who Are Hyperlocal Journalists? Hyperlocal journalists tend to be citizen journalists and are often, though not always, unpaid volunteers. Some hyperlocal news sites, such as The Local, a site started by The New York Times, have experienced journalists supervise and edit work done by journalism students or local freelance writers. In a similar vein, The Times recently announced a partnership with NYUs journalism program to create a news site covering New Yorks East Village. Varying Degrees of Success Early on, hyperlocal journalism was hailed as an innovative way of bringing information to communities often ignored by local newspapers, especially at a time when many news outlets were laying off journalists and reducing coverage. Even some large media companies decided to catch the hyperlocal wave. In 2009 MSNBC.com acquired the hyperlocal startup EveryBlock, and AOL bought two sites, Patch and Going. But the long-term impact of hyperlocal journalism remains to be seen. Most hyperlocal sites operate on shoestring budgets and make little money, with most revenue coming from sales of ads to local businesses that cant afford to advertise with larger mainstream news outlets. And there have been some conspicuous failures, most notably LoudounExtra.com, started by The Washington Post in 2007 to cover Loudoun County, Va. The site, which was staffed by full-time journalists, folded just two years later. â€Å"We found that our experiment with LoudounExtra.com as a separate site was not a sustainable model,† said Kris Coratti, a spokeswoman for the Washington Post Co. Critics, meanwhile, complain that sites like EveryBlock, which employ few staffers and rely heavily on content from bloggers and automated data feeds, provide only bare-bones information with little context or detail. All anyone can say for sure is that hyperlocal journalism is still a work in progress.

How Many Glasses Are in a Gallon of Water

How Many Glasses Are in a Gallon of Water SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Research suggests that there are numerous health benefits to drinking water, including increased energy, weight loss, improved skin complexion, and more. Water's many benefits are well-known and often touted, but how much water should we actually aim to drink in a day? One common recommendation is to drink a gallon of water in a day. In this article, I'll cover how many glasses in a gallon for standard and non-standard glasses and talk about how many glasses of water in a gallon you should actually drink each day. How Many Glasses in a Gallon: Standard Glass A gallon contains 128 ounces. A standard glass contains eight ounces. So, one gallon equals 16 eight ounce glasses of water. How Many Glasses in a Gallon: Non-Standard Glass Other common types of glassware include pint glasses, which normally hold 16 ounces, or smaller, lowball glasses which hold between four to eight ounces, depending on the glass. Since a pint glass holds 16 ounces, and a gallon is 128 ounces, one gallon equals eight pint glasses. A gallon holds 32 4-ounce lowball glasses, approximately 21.3 6-ounce lowball glasses, and 16 eight ounce lowball glasses. In order to find out how many glasses of a particular size are in the gallon, you can divide 128 (the number of ounces in a gallon) by the number of ounces your glass holds. How Much Water Should You Drink in a Day? Now that we know how many glasses of water are in a gallon, let's discuss how much water you should drink a day. The Mayo Clinic recommends that average, healthy adults living in temperate climates drink eight standard glasses of water a day, which is half of the 16 standard glasses of water that make up a gallon. If you're extremely active, dehydrated, or live in a more arid part of the world, you'll want to increase the amount of water you consume every day. People who sweat a lot are more likely to need to drink a gallon of water every day than people who have a normal, moderate activity level. The bottom line- you should aim to drink at least eight glasses of water every day to receive health benefits such as increase hydration, better sleep, and more. If you're highly active, consider upping the amount of water you consume to one gallon to replace the fluids you lose while sweating. What's Next? Looking for more liquid measure answers? Find out how many cups are in four quarts here.

The North American Free Trade Agreement Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The North American Free Trade Agreement - Essay Example This means that at optimal labor utilization it can either produce, say 600 pounds of corn or 300 pounds of nuts. Meanwhile, Mexico is able to substitute the production of same products at the exchange ratio of . As such, it may choose to produce either 200 pounds of corn or 150 pounds of nuts. (Samuelson & Nordhaus, 2000) Upon opening up or liberalizing trade between the two nations, their initial production possibility curves, represented by the solid line, pivot. In case of the US, it could still produce 600 pounds of corn. However, with trading with Mexico, it may now end up with relatively more nuts using Mexico's price ratio. Similarly, Mexico ends up with the same quantity of nuts but this time it may end up with more corn as it traded with Mexico at the latter's price ratio. The above example exhibits the benefits derived by countries, particularly exporters and consumers, when countries open up to trade or undergo trade liberalization. According to the Foreign Agricultural Service (2005), sales of corn to Mexico and Canada increased by 175% with exponential increase in export value between 1993 and 2004. In this case, farmers are able to find overseas markets for their harvest, thus, enhancing their earnings potential.

The film, Aviator, illustrates the terrible problems sometimes Research Paper

The film, Aviator, illustrates the terrible problems sometimes associated with Obsessive Compulsive Disorder in both the life of - Research Paper Example Analysis of the Film Aviator Aviator is a film based on the life of one of the most significant personalities in the field of aviation, Howard Hughes. His story is exceptional due to his achievements in two fields namely filmmaking and the field of aviation. The story presented his feat in his first movie which is entitled Hell’s Angels, a war film that he had made through his trait of being perfectionist. At around the same time, Hughes explored the construction, engineering and production of different types of planes (Aviator film 2004). Howard Hughes explorations and successes in different fields are the main highlights of his life. He is one of the greatest Americans of his time because he is known as an not only as an aviator but also engineer, industrialist, film producer, director, and one of the wealthiest man in the world. His endeavors and projects were financed on his billion dollar inheritance from an equally inventive father who had developed the drill bit or the Hughes rollerbit which became the main apparatus for 75 percent of the world oil wells (Brown and Broeske 10). Through his life though, Hughes had one considered flaw which was his behavior. He is considered by people around him as a person who was very hard to get along with. His exaggerated attention to details often caused and escalated problems in his work and his interactions and relationships with other people. His behavior ranges from minor actions described by people who know him as bizarre to serious and threatening circumstances that often lead to accidents in his flight or lost of relationship with a woman or with work acquaintances (Brown and Broeske 165). Hughes profound personality attracted the interest of medical experts. Thus in the long run he was considered as the most well known example of a condition referred to as obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). One of the experts who studied Hughes life, Dr. Jeffrey Schwartz who is a professor in UCLA School of medicine a nd a forerunner in the research on OCD confirmed that the aviator’s ‘four decades of profound emotional anguish.’ Upon recognition of Hughes’ case, his life and behavior became one of the most studied cases of OCD in countries all over the world. Another expert who concluded that Hugh Hughes has OCD is Dr. Anthony Dietrich. He is the son of Noah Dietrich who is the Hughes Empire Chief Executive Officer. Hughes characteristics namely nonconformity, over adventurous disposition can be considered as general signs of his struggle to control obsessions and compulsions (Brown and Broeske 184). In his life, the effects of OCD covered different aspects of his life such as his job, his behavior, his life choices and his relationships and interactions with people surrounding him. It is then important to study the present knowledge, information and developments on the condition which is one of the main themes in the film Aviator. Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder, OCD Ob sessive-compulsive disorder, OCD, is a type of anxiety disorder. It is described as a condition which is based on the fixation to undertake ‘recurrent, unwanted, thoughts or obsessions and/or behaviors that are repetitive or referred to as compulsions.’ Compulsions are performed to be able to achieve a feeling of satisfaction and temporary relief. Failure to perform such rituals can

Competency Statement Essay Example for Free

Competency Statement Essay There are many significant attributes of children’s lives including, physical and intellectual competence. Although children learn at a different pace than one another, once they start to age their physical and intellectual skills increase. No child is considered â€Å"smarter† because he or she might be more advance in one area than another child. Every learning skill that children are grasping on a daily basis has room for improvement. IIaI chose ice skating as creativity for one of the nine learning experiences. Not only is ice skating a fun activity but it also helps with physical development of the child. Ice skating increases lower body strength by working the muscles in the legs. When learning how to ice skate you are actually teaching how to balance yourself. In this day age, children aren’t as physically active as before in previous generations and by doing an ice skating activity it could lead a child to a lifelong sport. IIbAnother one of my nine learning experiences I chose for my resource collection is language and literacy. The goal is to pronounce 3 letter â€Å"at† words such as cat, bat, hat using flash cards, letter pronunciation CD Rom, and bingo board and chips. This activity helps with cognitive development by knowing the sound awareness of the letters and reasoning on what letter you would pronounce first, second, and third. IIcMaking beaded bracelets with colored beads and string is a fine motor skill which teaches hand and eye coordination. I decided to make colorful bracelets with elbow macaroni noodles because not only is it a fine motor skill but it is creative as well. Using noodles instead of beads teaches my students that there are alternatives when you don’t have the original material. My students get creative by painting the noodles different colors and decorating them with glitter and rhinestones. You could also use other noodles to give your bracelets a different shape or size. Ziti, penne, rotelle, and rigatoni are other styles of noodles that could be used to make your own personal pasta jewelry. I give my children options because it helps to express their creative side and how they view their imagination. IIdProper communication is important when it comes to language development. You have to use more than one communication strategy to promote language development. Some of the ways I teach to help language development children from baby to adolescent can learn from. I always talk clearly and not too fast, I think that is the one thing you should always do when trying to develop better language skills. If you talk to your students with scrambled words then they won’t be able to comprehend on what’s being said. I also read books and point to the pictures with my children asking â€Å"what do they see† or â€Å"what is happening† in the book so I can not only see if their paying attention, but to see if how they are pronouncing pictures shown on the page. Music CD’s also helps with language development. I sing songs with my students, getting them to use as many words as possible mastering one word at a time. There is one bilingual child in my classroom and English is his second language. Since English is his second language make sure that I talk to him clearly and use flash cards with pictures. I also spark up conversations with him about his interests and home life so there is a sufficient amount of the English language being used to help the growth of his language development.

Ancient Greek Health Theories: Understanding the Melancholic Mean in Aristotelian Problema XXX.1 :: Philosophy Medicine

Ancient Greek Health Theories: Understanding the Melancholic Mean in Aristotelian Problema XXX.1 ABSTRACT: In ancient Greek theories of health, it was the equal balance or mixing of the humors or elements (i.e., the isonomic mean) that comprised the ideal healthy state. In the Aristotelian Problema XXX.1, however, there is a description of a form of melancholic constitution that is both 1) itself characterized as a mean, and 2) thought to lead to intellectual outstandingness. This is theoretically problematic since the melancholic constitution was by definition a constitution in which there was a natural preponderance of black bile. Thus, there appear to be two incompatible means that are descriptive of the ideal in ancient Greek medicine: the isonomic mean that underlies the ideal healthy state, and the melancholic mean that describes the melancholic who is capable of greatness. This paper attempts to understand the melancholic mean as described in Problema XXX.1 by considering the two different but related models of this mean that are suggested in the text. A reconciliation of the two somatic ideals is argued for on the basis of what else is said in the Problema, as well as ideas found in the Hippocratic work Airs, Waters, Places and other Aristotelian Problemata. Why is it that all those who have become eminent in philosophy or politics or poetry or the arts are clearly of an atrabilious temperament, and some of them to such an extent as to be affected by diseases caused by black bile, as is said to have happened to Heracles among the heroes? (Problemata XXX.1 953a10-14) (1) So begins the Aristotelian Problema XXX.1. Why indeed! The atrabilious temperament or melancholia is, according to Aristotle, a natural disposition in which there is a preponderance of black bile over the other humours. The healthy somatic ideal, however, was conceived by Greek medical theorists as the equality of the humours, either with respect to their quantity or their relative strengths (quality); disease was by definition an excess of one of the humours or elements. If the ideal state with respect to the humours was equality or isonomic proportion, but "all those who have become eminent in philosophy or politics or poetry or the arts..." be melancholics, then which state is the ideal — health or melancholia? The explicit association of melancholia with genius is found for the first time in this Problema. The author was working within a long tradition that linked the ideal state with a mean.

Summary: Charitable Organization and British Way

A summary of the advert that beggars belief.The article â€Å"The advert that beggars belief† by Alexander Chancellor is about beggars in India and Great Britain, they talk about how many beggars there are and what they are using their money on when they get some. Many people try to convince themselves that it's a stupid idea to give beggars money because they use them quite often on many stupid things.Westminster Council making a campaign there says if you give beggars money you â€Å"actually† are guilty in cause of theirs death. It is a bad campaign because they give a wakeup call to people and says it is a bad thing to give money to beggars and you should not do it, because you don’t know what they are going to use their money on and if you do it you can cause their deaths. They call you to stop giving them money.Give an outline of the carious attitudes to charity as expressed in texts.The four texts show the different views of giving charity, there are many ways to donate money today, from when you give a coin to a beggar you see at the streets to send a text on your mobile phone to a charitable organization. The article â€Å"the advert that beggars belief† has a negative attitude to beggars, in Britain they don’t want to give beggars money because they says it can cause their lives because they use the money on drugs or something like that.In the article â€Å"Charity never dies, it only sleeps† we hear about the British way of thinking to improve our own and our families lives, it is best also to improve the lives of those around us. It is a conservative way to think everyone has to be equal. In the article â€Å"the year of charitainment† they talked about that there are so many charity organizations and you have to focus on one and that helps the famous people with, Angelina Jolie helps to focus on Sierra Leone.Comment on the following statement â€Å"to improve our own and our families’ lives, it is best also to improve the lives of those around us.†In the text â€Å"Charity never dies, it only sleeps† it is the British way of thinking: to improve our own and our families’ lives, it is best also to improve the lives of those around us. It is on way out of many to think that everyone has to be equal, there are many people there think of this, and many people think that you have to be selfish about this, and don’t give money to beggars.   

AP language rhetorical terms list Essay

Look up the words and fill in the chart as best as you can. Some of the terms are review and some are new. We will use this list throughout the year so keep an updated copy with you in class. You may choose to make note cards for study but they are not required for a grade. Periodically, you will be quizzed on how well you know the terms by using in your writing and recognizing in text. Terms When do I use it? Define it Can I recognize it? Can I use it in my writing? ad hominen argument appealing to feelings or prejudices rather than intellect ad populum fallacious argument that concludes a proposition to be true because many or most people believe it. allegory literary device The representation of abstract ideas or principles by characters, figures, or events in narrative, dramatic, or pictorial form. alliteration style The repetition of the same sounds or of the same kinds of sounds at the beginning of words or in stressed syllables allusion rhetoric device reference ambiguity tone Doubtfulness or uncertainty as regards interpretation analogy Similarity of functions or properties; likeness antecedent grammar A preceding occurrence, cause, or event. antithesis opposite aphorism A tersely phrased statement of a truth or opinion; an adage apostrophe The direct address of an absent or imaginary person or of a personified abstraction, especially as a digression in the course of a speech or composition. attitude essay A state of mind or a feeling; disposition atmosphere A dominant intellectual or emotional environment or attitude begging the question type of informal fallacy in which an implicit premise would directly entail the conclusion; in other words, basing a conclusion on an assumption that is as much in need of proof or demonstration as the conclusion itself chiasmus A rhetorical inversion of the second of two parallel structures clause A group of words containing a subject and a predicate and forming part of a compound or complex sentence. colloquialism Characteristic of or appropriate to the spoken language or to writing that seeks the effect of speech; informal. conceit A favorable and especially unduly high opinion of one’s own abilities or worth. concrete detail Specific details that form the backbone or core of the body paragraphs. Synonyms for concrete details include facts, specifics, examples, descriptions, illustrations, support, proof, evidence, quotations, paraphrases, or plot references. connotation An idea or feeling that a word invokes person in addition to its literal or primary meaning denotation The action or process of indicating or referring to something by means of a word, symbol, etc descriptive detail devices A turn of phrase intended to produce a particular effect in speech or a literary work diction Word choice didactic ntended to teach, particularly in having moral instruction as an ulterior motive euphemism Mild expression in place of a severe one extended metaphor An extended metaphor, also called a conceit, is a metaphor that continues into the sentences that follow. It is often developed at great length, occurring frequently in or throughout a work, and are especially effective in poems and fiction. false analogy An informal fallacy applying to inductive arguments, in which the similarity in one respect of two concepts, objects, or events is taken as sufficient to establish that they are similar in another respect in which they actually are dissimilar figurative language Language that communicates ideas beyond the ordinary or literal meaning of the words. figure of speech A figure of speech is a use of a word that diverges from its normal meaning, or a phrase with a specialized meaning not based on the literal meaning of the words in it such as a metaphor, simile, or personification. genre A category of artistic composition, as in music or literature, characterized by similarities in form, style, or subject matter hasty- over/ generalization A general statement or concept obtained by inference from specific cases homily genre type of sermon, serious talk, speech or lecture hyperbole exaggeration imagery Visually descriptive or figurative language, esp. in a literary work inference/ infer A conclusion reached on the basis of evidence and reasoning invective diction Strong use of language used to attack irony/ironic The expression of one’s meaning by using language that normally signifies the opposite, typically for humorous or emphatic effect verbal Relating to or in the form of words situational A term denoting a tactic or combo that can only be used under certain circumstances and cannot be done in a neutral state where both characters are on the ground. dramatic Sudden or striking juxtaposition The fact of two things being seen or placed close together with contrasting effect language The method of human communication, either spoken or written, consisting of the use of words in a structured and conventional way loose sentence A loose sentence is a type of sentence in which the main idea is elaborated by the successive addition of modifying clauses or phrases. metaphor in literature and rhetoric, an analogy between two objects or ideas, conveyed by using a word instead of another word metonymy Metonymy is a figure of speech in which a thing or concept is called not by its own name but rather by the name of something associated with that thing or concept. mood the affective setting of a piece of literature narrative A narrative (or story) is any account of connected events, presented to a reader or listener in a sequence of written or spoken words, or in a sequence of (moving) pictures. narrative devices Methods to help convey the message in the story narrative technique The methods involved in telling a story; the procedures used by a writer of stories or accounts. Narrative technique is a general term (like â€Å"devices,† or â€Å"resources of language†) that asks you to discuss the procedures used in the telling of a story. onomatopoeia the use of imitative and naturally suggestive words for rhetorical, dramatic, or poeticeffect. oxymoron a figure of speech by which a locution produces an incongruous, seemingly self-contradictoryeffect, as in â€Å"cruel kindness† or â€Å"to make haste slowly. † paradox a statement or proposition that seems self-contradictory or absurd but in realityexpresses a possible truth. parallelism Parallel comparison parody Mocking imitation pedantic tone Overly scholarly, academic, or bookish periodic sentence A periodic sentence is a sentence that is not grammatically complete until the final clause or phrase. Personification the attribution of human nature or character to animals, inanimate objects, or abstractnotions, especially as a rhetorical figure. persuasive devices Techniques the author uses to influence the way you feel persuasive essay Persuasive writing, known as creative writing or an argument, is a piece of writing in which the writer uses words to convince the reader that the writer’s opinion is correct with regard to an issue. point of view(know all) narrative mode, the perspective of the narrative voice; the pronoun used in narration post hoc fallacy Post hoc ergo propter hoc, Latin for â€Å"after this, therefore because of this†, is a logical fallacy (of the questionable cause variety) that states â€Å"Since that event followed this one, that event must have been caused by this one. prose Prose is a form of language which applies ordinary grammatical structure and natural flow of speech rather than rhythmic structure (as in traditional poetry). red herring Red herring is an English-language idiom, a logical fallacy that misleads or detracts from the issue. It is also a literary device that leads readers or characters towards a false conclusion, often used in mystery or detective fiction. repetition Repetition is the simple repeating of a word, within a sentence or a poetical line, with no particular placement of the words, in order to provide emphasis. rhetoric Rhetoric is the art of discourse, an art that aims to improve the capability of writers or speakers that attempt to inform, persuade, or motivate particular audiences in specific situations. rhetorical appeal Ethos, pathos, logos logos Originally a word meaning â€Å"a ground†, â€Å"a plea†, â€Å"an opinion†, â€Å"an expectation†, â€Å"word,† â€Å"speech,† â€Å"account,† â€Å"reason, ethos Cultures guiding ideals pathos Appealing to the audience’s emotions rhetorical features his may involve the use of elaborate words or phrases that create a particular set of sounds. Perhaps puns, double meanings,alliteration, assonance or unusual grammatical forms may be used. rhetorical modes describe the variety, conventions, and purposes of the major kinds of writing. compare/ contrast Evaluate differences and similarities definition Expressing the nature of something cause/effect Cause is why something happens and effect is what happens division/ classification Organize into category example/illustration or type of composition intended to give information about (or an explanation of) an issue, subject, method, or idea. exposition type of composition intended to give information about (or an explanation of) an issue, subject, method, or idea. process analysis A method of paragraph or essay development by which a writer explains step by step how something is done or how to do something. argumentation/persuasive Social influence description a statement, picture in words, or account that describes; descriptive representation. rhetorical question A rhetorical question is a figure of speech in the form of a question that is asked in order to make a point. rhetorical situation The Rhetorical Situation is the context of a rhetorical event that consists of an issue, an audience, and a set of constraints. sarcasm harsh or bitter derision or irony. satire a literary composition, in verse or prose, in which human folly and vice are held up toscorn, derision, or ridicule. simile a figure of speech in which two unlike things are explicitly compared sentence structures Grammatical arrangement of words in sentences simple Easy to understand compound combinations of two or more elements complex In general usage, complexity tends to be used to characterize something with many parts in intricate arrangement. inverted word order style variation in language use to which social meanings are attributed stylistic devices In literature and writing, a stylistic device is the use of any of a variety of techniques to give an auxiliary meaning, idea, or feeling to the literal or written. syllogism a piece of deductive reasoning from the general to the particular symbol/ symbolism something used for or regarded as representing something else; a material object representingsomething, often something immaterial; emblem, token, or sign. synecdoche a figure of speech in which a part is used for the whole or the whole for a part, the special for thegeneral or the general for the special syntax the study of the rules for the formation of grammatical sentences in a language. theme the unifying subject or idea of a story thesis Central argument tone a literary technique which encompasses the attitudes toward the subject and toward the audience implied in a literary work that is compatible with the other drive transition general aspects of writing style that signal changes in a story understatement Understatement is a form of speech which contains an expression of less strength than what would be expected. litotes In rhetoric, litotes (or) is a figure of speech in which understatement is employed for rhetorical effect, principally via double negatives. meiosis reproduction wit Wit is a form of intelligent humour, the ability to say or write things that are clever and usually funny.

100 Years Of History Essays - Conservatism In The United States

100 Years Of History Essays - Conservatism In The United States 100 Years of History CURRENT EVENTS: 1945-1996 1945 On April 12 Harry S. Truman became President of the United States of America., In Washington, D.C. On August 6 at 9:15 a.m. US fighter planes dropped an Atomic Bomb on Hiroshima Japan. In Berlin, Germany on April 30, Adolf Hitler was found dead, Hitler committed suicide. 1946 On October 16 in Nurenburg, 9 Nazi war criminals were hanged for the crimes during WW II. On April 25 Big Four Ministers met in Paris to finalize a treaty with Germany, to end WWII. In Austria Queens New York, on October 22, Chester Carlos tried his experiment that is commonly known as the Xerox machine. 1947 On November 20, in England, Queen Elizabeth gets married to her cousin Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh. On November 2, at the Long Beach Harbor, in Los Angeles, the Spruce Goose, the world's largest airplane, flies for the first time. It got to 70 feet and flew for a mile. On April 7, in the US, Henry Ford dies at the age of 83. 1948 On July 7, in Cleveland, Satchel Paige, a Negro sidearm pitcher, signed a contract to pitch for the all white Cleveland Indians, against the Yankees. In Washington, D.C. on June 24, President Harry S Truman signs a new Draft Act, requiring men 19 to 25 to register for the US military. On January Mohandas K Gahndi was assassinated at 78, in India, he died 20 minutes after being shot. 1949 On the continent of the United States, Albert Einstein presents his gravitational theory to the world, on December 26. On July 27, Captain John Cunningham, a WW II fighter ace, flies the first jet airline, the Comet, from Britain. On October 10 in New York, Jackie Robinson wins the World Series MVP 1950 On January 25 the North Korean Reds invade Southern Korea by crossing the 38 Th parallel, a line set to separate the Korean land given to the Russians after WWII. On July 31 President Truman, from the White House in Washington, D.C., authorizes military build up in Korea, to stop the communist invasion of southern Korea. On August 21, in the US, Negro tennis player, Althea Gibson, becomes the first Negro to be admitted to pro tennis. 1951 On January 15 the UN slows down the attack by North Korea and China in Korea. On November 28 the UN makes the 38 Th parallel a truce line for North Korea and South Korea, putting an end to the Korean war. In October, in New York the Yankees beat the Mets to win the World Series. 1952 On March 5, in Washington, D.C., Dwight Eisenhower becomes president of the United States by a landslide. In Cuba on March & the US signs a military aid pact with Cuba. On January 1 Illinois defeats Stanford 40-7 at the Rose Bowl in Pasadena, California. 1953 On March 5 in Moscow, Joseph Stalin dies in a hospital, sometime before 10:00 p.m., after suffering from a heart attack. On June 2, in England, Elizabeth the II is crowned queen of England. On September 2 in Newport, Rhode Island, John Fitzgerald Kennedy gets married to Jacqueline Lee Buoveir. 1954 On January 31 in Berlin the Big 4 met to discuss concerns for atomic weaponry. The Nautilus, the first US atomic submarine, is launched from Connecticut, at a harbor in Groton, on January 21. Joe Dimaggio got married to Marilyn Monroe at the San Francisco City Hall, on January 14. 1955 On July 18 in Anaheim, California, Disneyland opens Never Never Land. The Big Four at Geneva on July 23 decided to discuss the problems in Europe at a later date, sometime in October. French tanks, in Morocco, on July 27, halt Moroccan riots, killing 56 people in the process. 1956 On February 24 in Montgomery, Alabama buses are being boycotted, which was started by Rosa parks have gotten about 115 Negroes arrested. In April the Supreme Court rules that Negroes can ride buses with equal rights in Virginia, and will soon be enforced in 12 other southern counties. On March 22 in Montgomery, Alabama, Dr. Martin Luther King Jr., a reverend, and equality movement leader, was arrested and found guilty for orchestrating the bus boycotts. 1957 On January 21 President Eisenhower is sworn in for his second term as president, in Washington, D.C. On January 4 the UN reopened the Suez Canal, after repairing damage done during the Suez Canal incident. On January 10 in Britain, Harold Macmillian replaced

How Educators Can Use Google Classroom

How Educators Can Use Google Classroom Google Classroom  is one of Google for Educations newest products and it has received rave reviews from many educators. It is a learning management system that allows you to digitally create and manage assignments as well as to provide feedback to your students. Google Classroom works particularly with   Google Apps for Education, a suite of productivity tools (Drive, Docs, Gmail, etc) that you may already use in your school.​ Google Classroom is beneficial for both novice and advanced users of Google Apps for Education. It is has a simple, easy-to-navigate interface that appeals to many teachers. If you are already pretty adept at using Docs and Google Drive folders to manage student work, you may be surprised to find that Google Classroom makes this process even easier for you. Google Classroom has evolved considerably since its debut last summer. New features seem to be added all the time, so stay tuned for future improvements! View this short introductory video  from Google and this presentation  by Heather Breedlove in order to familiarize yourself with Google Classroom. Important Links for Future Reference Here are four links that youll want to keep handy for future reference: Google Classroom on the WebGoogle Classroom iPad AppGoogle Classroom Help CenterGoogle Classroom Training Materials Step 1: Log in to Google Classroom   Go to  https://classroom.google.com/. Make sure you are logged in with your Google Apps for Education account. If you are using your personal Google account or are at a school  that does not use GAFE, you will not be able to use Classroom.You should see your Google Classroom Home. Below is a picture of my homepage with annotations to explain different features.Click on the sign to create your first class. Create one for an existing class or a practice one for purposes of this tutorial. Step 2: Create a Class Do the following practice activities. Notice that there are three tabs in a class: Stream, Students, and About. These support materials will help you with this step.   Select the About tab. Fill in basic information about your class. Notice that there is a folder in YOUR Google Drive that will contain files related to this class.Click on the Students tab and add a student or two (perhaps a colleague who will serve as a guinea pig for this experiment). Make sure to indicate what permissions you want these students to have in relation to posting and commenting.And/or, give the class code posted in the   Student tab to a student or colleague for practice. This code is also available on your Stream tab.Go to your Stream tab. Share an announcement with your class. Notice how you can attach a file, a document from Google Drive, a YouTube video or a link to another resource.Staying in your Stream tab, create a mock assignment for this class. Fill in the title, description, and give it a due date. Attach any resources and assign the assignment to students enrolled in this class. Step 3: Monitor Student Assignments   Here is information on grading and returning assignments.   On your Stream tab, you should now see your assignments in the left-hand corner under the heading Upcoming Assignments. Click on one of your assignments.This will lead to a page where you can see students status in terms of work completion. This is called the student work page. For an assignment to have been marked complete, the student will need to turn it into their Google Classroom account.Note that you can assign grades and points. Click on a student and you can send them a private comment.If you check the box next to a students name, you can email the student or students.If a student has submitted work, you can then grade it and return it to the student.To see all student work at the same time, you need to click Folder at the top of the Student Work page. This Folder link will be grayed out until students have turned in work. Step 4: Try Classroom From the Student Perspective Specific student help is available here.   Ask a colleague to invite you to their practice class and to create an assignment for that class.Pretend to turn in the assignment.Have your colleague grade this assignment and return it to you. Step 5:  Consider Creative Uses of Google Classroom How could we use Google Classroom in innovative ways?   To house professional development materials.To deliver digital citizenship curriculum.To manage departmental activities, meetings, and projects. Step 6:  Download the iPad App and Repeat the Previous Activities How does the Google Classroom experience on the iPad differs from the web experience? Any features that are unique to the app perspective? Discuss your findings with your colleagues and share your preferred method of using Google Classroom.

An investigation into the experience of international students Coursework

An investigation into the experience of international students studying in a UK university - Coursework Example This explains that their experience has been largely fulfilling. Being a traditional destination for higher education UK has been attracting students from all over the world for decades and henceforth has maintained a second position in the world in terms drawing international students following US. However, in the recent times, the government and higher education institution have had to face steep challenges to maintain the growth in the number of international students that they have been maintaining over the last decade or so (Zheng, 2012). It is believed that apart from the recent recession and competition from other countries, student’s experience while studying in UK can explain the reason for this challenge (Soo and Elliott, 2010). The relevance of this research lies in the explanation of international students’ experience while studying in UK, thereby commenting on the qualities and drawbacks of the education system. In addition to that, alongside explaining the experience of international students, this research will cater to highlight the educational framework implemented in the country that has been successful in rendering those experiences to the students. Aims and objectives The research paper will cater to fulfil the following aims and objectives: To do an in-depth analysis of experience of international students studying in a UK university. To comment on different aspects of the educational framework in UK those are responsible for providing such experiences. To highlight the challenges being faced by the government and educational institutions in maintaining the growth in the number of international students and its relationship with the experiences of international students. Literature review   Bennell and Pearce (2003), OECD (2004) and Zammuto (2008) have come to a common conclusion that globalization has not only manifested itself through international trade and foreign direct investment but also through the rising trend on in ternational student mobility in higher education. UK has been at the forefront receiving a pool of those international students migrating every year. According to Forland (2006), the rhetoric of internationalization suggests that, the underlying reason behind welcoming international students to UK higher education is to add benefits to the learning situation, to the students and to the institution as a whole. Most institutions now emphasize in internationalizing the student body and curriculum in order to provide them with world class experience. They believe that internationally focused educational perspective will enhance the learning experience of students. Surveys have shown that international students are largely satisfied with the study experience (Fernandez, 2011). However, some of them have regarded the experience of studying in UK as not of value for money. According to the author, international students are different in their own respect and they bring different prior expe riences along with them to UK (Fernandez, 2011). They have to get acquainted with the learning style and culture that prevails

System Development and Business Processes Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

System Development and Business Processes - Essay Example Neither the storage of this information, nor the retrieval should be a time consuming exercise. All this should happen at the click of a button. YellowPen ushers in such a product. This should therefore bring in a great reengineering in the way the internet is used. Common shareable data helps in sharing research information across an organization. Knowledge Management is defined as availability of information for the right person at the right time. Information that one needs should be available when the person needs it. This is made possible by YellowPen. By using a common server, YellowPen is able to offer its services for any body who can log on to the system using Windows. It keeps the user posted as to what are the latest postings available which she has not read by having an online icon on their job tray. YellowPen provides a personalized Knowledge Management System for every user on the net. 1. Anywhere anytime accessible repository of all their information and the related information makes this methodology a unique and usable alternate to any other storage-retrieval mechanism that is in use. 2. Storage and retrieval is on the fly. When you need to store a specific information, all that we need to do is, drag and drop the specific page. The software captures the entire page with all its graphics and images into the YellowPen system. Along with this it also captures, who did the capturing, data and time stamps in addition to the location from which this was captured. YellowPen also captures a host of metadata along with this that helps in keeping the page updated and easily searchable for instant retrieval. 3. Being an encrypted and password protected database, it makes sure that the data is available on a single server and also is very well protected. It is also very well integrated with the current trends in piping XML data over RSS or Dublin Core. Do you believe that organizations will be better served by implementing YellowPen as an additional resource in a corporation Knowledge management in a company is very important. Nearly 60% of the information or knowledge in any company is in the minds of the people. Most of this knowledge gets transferred in the form of emails which are very difficult to search and locate when the need props up. A database with all the relevant information, easy to search option and a common repository where every body puts in relevant information is very useful and would bring out at least 20% of the dormant knowledge. If every company 'knows' what it 'knows' and could make use of that dormant knowledge residing in the emails and in the minds of the people, then certainly that company would be able to beat the competition. If a large company should need personal solution for these knowledge management systems, then they could create their own server with the software, which should be very valuable for their

How Markets Functions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

How Markets Functions - Essay Example The paper has examined how market functions depending on the structure it adopts. Scarcity is a state where wants exceeds available resources while an opportunity cost is the foregone alternative that is actually the cost of what is chosen. An allocative efficiency is a situation where resources are utilized without waste. Cost-benefit analysis is where resources are selected on basis benefit as weighed against costs. A resource is any asset that will satisfy human wants. An economic problem arises due to availability of insufficient resources to satisfy all unlimited human needs. The challenge then is how to establish products and to allocate the factors of production of land, labor capital and entrepreneurship to attain maximum production, when is to produce and for whom. This scarcity necessitates the need for consumers to make a choice to satisfy their demand due to their limited incomes. Different economic models place choice in various economic systems. The figure below offers a typical example of an opportunity cost. Assuming that a country produces only two goods, A and B, it has to make a choice in the allocation of resources to attain maximum production efficiency and to achieve maximum utility. ... Different economic models place choice in various economic systems. The figure below offers a typical example of an opportunity cost. Assuming that a country produces only two goods, A and B, it has to make a choice in the allocation of resources to attain maximum production efficiency and to achieve maximum utility. Fig 1 Production Possibility Frontier (ppf) Possibility Frontier (ppf) Capital Goods A M E A K 0 N B Consumer goods Consumer goods The curve AB can be attained if the resources employed in production are efficiently utilized with the existing state of technology. Suppose country X decides to produce only two goods: Capital goods and consumer goods as shown on the ppf AB. If it decides to produce (OA) units of A, it will have zero OB units of A. Thus OA goods are the opportunity cost of OB goods. Occasionally, country X will allocate resources to produce little of OA and OB to maximize utility as depicted at E. In real life situations, people will have to make choices bet ween two competing alternatives. For instance, students making choices on either continuing with studies or earning, consumers to choose good A at the expense of good B or vice versa. One alternative becomes an opportunity cost for the other. Various Economic Systems Economic systems are mechanisms through which an economy works. For instance, there is socialism in which policies regarding allocation, production and distribution are left in the hand of producers and government. Others are capitalism, communism and mixed economy which functions differently. Goals of Microeconomics Micro-economics analyzes market failure, describes theoretical conditions related to perfect conditions and how these anomalies can be corrected. The theory of demand and supply

Vocabulary Learning On Low Proficiency Learners English Language Essay

Vocabulary Learning On Low Proficiency Learners English Language Essay In many research on second language classroom, the role and influences of mother tongue or first language (L1) on second language (L2) learning has always been a hotly debated issue. There have always been contradicting views about whether or not to use L1 of the students in the second language classroom. During the past 30 years, in the late seventies to early eighties, the idea of using mother tongue in language classroom was not a favored one. Majority of the language classroom used solely L2 while the use of L1 is avoided totally (Liu, 2008). In fact, many supported the use of L2 only so as to provide full exposure to that language. The use of L1 in the language classroom is deemed as depriving the learners input in L2 (Ellis, 1984). Despite the many arguments from both proponents and opponents of the use of L1 in the L2 language classroom, linguistic researchers failed to provide a conclusion for this issue and could not reach a common ground on whether the use of L1 is considered as a facilitator or a barrier in the acquisition of second language. According to Nation (2003), L2 should be fully utilized as much as possible in a foreign language classroom (in this context, English). Though L2 should be the core language used in classroom management and learning, the use of L1 should not be abandoned as it has a minute but significant role in language learning (Nation, 2003). Apart from Nation (2003), there are many linguists and researchers in the field of second language acquisition who agreed that L1 should be utilized in the language classroom in particular with students who are not highly proficient in the target language (Swain Lapkin, 2000; Tang, 2002; Mattioli 2004). This suggests that L1 plays an important role in the language classroom especially for the low proficiency learners. However, not many empirical studies have been conducted to examine the effectiveness of using L1 as a tool for low proficiency learners in L2 classroom (Bouangeune, 2009). Therefore, this paper seeks to find evidence to support the theory that L1 can facilitate the learning of L2 in the classroom learning. Classroom learning for languages encompasses four language skills, for example, reading comprehension, writing, and vocabulary learning. As a head start, this paper will examine the use of L1 in L2 vocabulary learning. 1.2 Research Objectives Liu (2008) did a rather straightforward and comprehensive research on the effects of L1 use on L2 vocabulary learning. In his study, he managed to prove that bilingual vocabulary teaching method is actually suitable for Chinese EFL learners (Liu, 2008). Inspired by his research, this study aims to address the problem of low proficiency learners in Malaysian secondary government school. This study will replicate the research done by Liu (2008) to investigate the role of L1 in L2 vocabulary learning. Also, this study intended to identify whether L1 is a facilitator or a barrier to the L2 vocabulary learning in Malaysian context and how L1 facilitates the language learning. The main objective of this study is to examine the effects of L1 use in L2 vocabulary learning on low proficiency L2 learners. 1.3 Research Questions Based on the objective, this study seeks to measure how L1 facilitates the low proficiency L2 learners to understand the meanings of new words. This study aims to answer the following questions: What are the effects of using L1 in L2 vocabulary learning classroom? To what extend does the use of L1 increase the performances of L2 vocabulary learning. From here, we propose the following hypotheses: There are significant differences between the performances of students with different language approach in the vocabulary learning. The bilingual approach (incorporating L1 in L2 classroom learning) is suitable to low proficiency L2 learners. 1.4 Purpose of the Study This study sets to focus on L2 vocabulary learning due to the reason that acquisition of vocabulary has a fundamental role in learning a second language (SÃ ¶kmen, 1997). In other words, vocabulary learning is inter-related to other language skills. A number of studies claimed that L2 learners need to have extensive knowledge of vocabulary as it is useful in the long term run (Nation, 2001). Since the acquisition of vocabulary is so important in learning a second language, effective ways of teaching and learning vocabulary should be emphasized. Research has confirmed that proper application of L1 can effectively assist the memorization of new words during L2 vocabulary learning process. Liu (2008) used the fact that L1 is present in L2 learners mind, therefore, whether the teacher uses L1 or not, the L2 knowledge that is being formed in their mind is linked in all sorts of ways with their L1 knowledge. This observation is supported from the sociocultural theory perspective that L1 meanings continue to have a persistent effect in the L2 learning (Lantolf Thorne, 2006). Therefore, it is hope that through this study, we are able to draw some insights concerning the role of L1 and how L1 provides a familiar and effective way for acquiring and understanding the meaning of new words in L2 vocabulary learning. 1.5 The Theoretical Framework The theoretical framework for this study is based on three prominent second language acquisition theory, namely the Krashens Monitor Model (1985), Swains Output Hypothesis (1985) and Comprehensible Output (1995) and Longs Interaction Hypothesis (1981, 1996). It has been widely acknowledged that the three constructs of these theories, the input, interaction and output are closely related elements in L2 learning (Zhang, 2009). The input is vital for language acquisition. However, input alone is not sufficient. In addition, interaction comes into play as an equally important role in the process of learning. As for output, it is the final result or the goal in learning L2. According to Krashen , the input and output of L2 learning and production is reflected by the model in Figure 1 below: Figure 1: Krashens combined model of acquisition and production Learners need to receive comprehensible input the L2 acquisition. Before the input is being processed into the Language Acquisition Device (LAD), it may or may not be filtered as the Affective Filter Hypothesis explains. With comprehensible input and low affective filter, learners will be able to acquire the L2 knowledge and produce output. However, the notion of output is not strongly stressed in this model, therefore a model of second language acquisition is also adopted. The model is reflected in Figure 2 below: Figure 2: A model of second language acquisition and use (based on VanPatten, 1995) Based on the above Krashens combined model of acquisition and production (Figure 1) and a model of Van Pattens second language acquisition (Figure 2), the framework below (Figure 3) is conceptualized to represent the relationship between Krashens comprehensible Input and Affective Filter Hypothesis, Longs Interaction Hypothesis and Swains Output Hypothesis in second language acquisition process in the context of using L1 in L2 teaching of vocabulary. Figure 3: Conceptualized framework based on combination of input, interaction and output 1.6 Significance of study Since there has been few studies done by the language teachers and professionals in identifying whether the use of L1 in the learning of L2 vocabulary on low proficiency students, this study will serve as a groundwork to determine the effectiveness and to gain insight of whether there is any differences, of how well the low proficiency students response and improve by using L1 in vocabulary learning. This paper hopes that the result from this study would add to the betterment of interest and motivation among the students and improve their proficiency in second language vocabulary learning. 1.7 Limitation of the Study This study examines only the low proficiency students who are studying in form 5, who are selected because they have been receiving below C grade for their English result. Due to insufficient representations of students of other level, generalization is applicable only to the form five students of the particular school. There is also the matter of class control. Since the students were from low achievement class, they are also the possibilities that they had discussed the answers among themselves. The research also suffers from time constraints. The purpose of this quantitative study is to determine the usage of L1 in L2 vocabulary learning on low proficiency students. Further studies may carry out in different samples for identification of different strategies and method use. 2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 History of language learning on L1 use in L2 teaching Throughout the history of second language acquisition both in the context of learning and especially teaching, the role of L1 has long been the most long-standing controversies in the history of language pedagogy and this, according to Stern (as cited in Anh,2010) . This was further supported by Hitotuzi (2006) who stated that first and foremost, to further understand the important and significance of the relationship of L1 and L2 in second language acquisition, one should start as early as one could in the periodic the role of the learners first language in the process of foreign/ second language learning and acquisition. The issues of whether or not to use the L1 in the L2 teaching have left a debate among teachers with some feeling that under certain limitations, the L1 could be used as a tool while the other teachers feel that L1 should not be involved in the teaching of L2 (Stapa Majid,2009). According to Anh (2010), the attention given to this matter has been increasing and ha s garner a lot of interest in research and studies carried out to further develop the methods and issues concerning to the qualities of using L1 as a resource in the language classroom and also among the language teaching profession. The history of L1 usage in L2 teaching can traced thought history and it could be considered to have started as early as in the nineteenth century in the western countries, where the Grammar Translation Method dominated the L2 classroom (Anh, 2010). Howatt (as cited in Hitotuzi, 2006) also stated that the Grammar Translation Method enjoyed a widespread acceptance excessively in the late nineteenth-century until the World War II, this is according to Bowen, Aden and Hilferty (as cited in Hitotuzi, 2006). Here, it can be seen that the usage and issues of L1 usage in L2 language acquisition has long started and practiced throughout history. According to Larsen-Freeman (as cited in Anh, 2010), the Grammar Translation Method derived from the teaching of the classical languages, Latin and Greek, where, through this method, L2 was used in grammar illustration, bilingual vocabulary lists and translation exercises and was a fundamental goal in helping learners be able to read literature (Anh, 2010). Since then, as stated by Hitotuzi (2006), many other significance occurrence can be seen in the development of L1 in L2 acquisition such as of Howatts Direct Method which focused on the extremisms in the usage of the mother tongue a movement that occur in the twentieth century and was according to him, was shortly preceded by Lambert Sauveurs Natural Method and followed by the Armys Method, or the Audiolingual Method (ALM). The matter of L1 usage in L2 teachng has a deep root in Second language and Hitotuzi (2006) further mentioned that During these centuries of controversy over the role of L1 in the L2 learning context, many untested teaching, practice and sinvolving (or excluding!) Learner L1 has been adopted; they rely essentially on popular beliefs. Anh (2010) also stated with the aim of developing post-communicative methods which regard L1 as a classroom resource, several studies connected to the role of L1 in the teaching of L2 have been conducted. 2.2 Krashens Monitor Model In the theories of second language acquisition, the Input Hypothesis by Stephen Krashen (1985) is said to be one of the major theories frequently referred to (Zheng, 2008). This hypothesis aims to explain how learners acquire a second language. It claims that language input (vocabulary) is important to acquisition. For the acquisition of L2 vocabulary, comprehensible input is an essential factor. According to the hypothesis, second language acquisition happens when the learners understand input that contains grammatical forms at i+1 (Zhang, 2009). In simpler terms, if learners are able to understand the explanations and instructions given by teachers, then their current competence i will be promoted to i+1. Learners tend to achieve optimal acquisition when they are able to understand most of the input while being challenged by some new vocabulary (Castro, 2010). It would be a waste of effort for a teacher to keep on speaking in L2 if the students are low proficiency L2 speakers. The teacher might be carrying many classroom activities but without the help of L1, the students cannot understand the instructions and participate in the activities. Therefore, it is crucial for teachers to provide sufficient comprehensible input to their students in the language classroom. When Krashen came out with the Input Hypothesis, he further described acquisition with another closely related hypothesis, the Affective Filter Hypothesis. The Affective Filter Hypothesis explains that learners need to receive the comprehensible input into their brains. However, learners tend to filter or block out the target language if they become tense, confused, angry or bored (Lightbown Spada, 1999). In order to prevent learners from having high affective filter towards target language, they need to be fed with acceptable taste of food. Previous studies have reported that teachers tend to fine students for using their L1 in English language classroom (Weinberg, 1990). If the students speak their L1 (Spanish, Cantonese, Mandarin, Vietnamese, Russian or Farsi) in the English language classroom, they will be fined 25 cents. This reminds me of my primary schooling days where we were made compulsory to communicate in English during the English Week and if we fail to do so, we will b e fined 10 cents for each word spoken in our mother tongue. As a result, many students dared not speak much or speak out loud during that week because they could not converse in English language fluently. This situation clearly explains that when learners become frustrated, upset, angry and resentful at the environment of the language classroom, their learning stops. Therefore, it is critical for teachers to consider the barriers faced by the L2 learners especially lower proficiency learners and provide comprehensible input to lower their affective filters. 2.3 Longs Interaction Hypothesis The other important element in L2 learning is interaction. Long (1981, 1996) influenced by Krashens theory on input developed the Interaction Hypothesis. In addition, Long (1981, 1996) focused on the link between the language learners and their language development. Since early 1980s, researchers have been concentrating on studying the role of interaction and considered it as important for second language acquisition (Xu, 2010). The central focus of the Interaction Hypothesis is on the negotiation for meaning (Castro, 2010). Comprehensible input must be accompanied by interactions to yield a more desirable output. The occurrences of interaction produce significances, feedbacks and input modifications that help to increase comprehension of content. Long (1996) noted that interaction facilitated comprehension and acquisition. In other words, interactive input is more important than non-interactive input (Ellis, 1994). Interactions in the language classroom are very important for both teachers and students. L2 learners should be given chances to interact with the teachers for clearer understanding. There should be possibilities for L2 learners to clarify requests, check comprehension and request for repetition in the classroom learning. Long (1981, 1996) noticed the differences in communication exchange between the native speakers and non-native speakers. For native speakers, they tend to continue communication despite the non-native speakers language limitations. Therefore, the non-native speakers need frequent negotiations for better understanding (Zhang, 1010). As such, the language used in delivering contents needs to be comprehensible to the learners so that their attention can be drawn in the classroom learning. Besides, L1 should be used as a tool to sustain the interactions between L2 low proficiency learners and their teachers so that both parties can enter into negotiation for meaning. 2.4 Swains Output Hypothesis In response to the Input Hypothesis by Krashen (1985), Swain (1985) argued that comprehensible input may not be sufficient for successful second language acquisition (Zhang, 2009). Furthermore, in order to produce comprehensible output, comprehensible input alone is not sufficient to L2 learning process. Research has been conducted using the Output Hypothesis and the results show that there is a link between language use and language learning (Zhang, 2009). From here, we know that in order to yield desirable output, we have to consider the factors that contribute to a more effective learning process. 2.5 Low proficiency L2 learners and vocabulary learning According to Anh (2010), due to the controversial of the impact of L1 usage in L2 teaching, many studies and research have been done on it. Although most of the research have been on the subject none really focused on how L1 usage in L2 teaching in the context of Low proficiency L2 learners. As stated by Latsanyphone and Bouangeune (2009), few experimental research and studies has been done on L1 to observe to find out whether it is an effective tool for teaching low proficiency learners. They further stated that The many agreement by professionals from the field of second language acquisitions such as Nation, 2001; Swain Lapkin, 2000; Atkinson, 1987; Tang, 2002; Auerbach, 1993; Mattioli, 2004 that stated and agree L1 usage would be an advantage with low proficiency students in a target language suggested that L1 plays an significant function in language teaching, particularly for the low proficiency learners. According to Latsanyphone and Bouangeune (2009), result from a study cond ucted by Ramachandran and Rahim (2004), who studied the effectiveness of using L1 in translation method, suggested that using L1 in the course of translation method was more effective than not using L1 in developing ESL learners vocabulary knowledge ability, and could also advance elementary ESL learners skill to recall the meaning of the word that they have learnt. They further stated that Based on the above, it seems necessary to look at the approaches for vocabulary teaching. Such implication could only mean that L1 in the teaching of L2 in the context of low proficiency students could prove to an advantage and should be further investigate the effectiveness of using L1 in teaching vocabulary to low proficiency learners despite the controversy of L2 teaching should only used L2 language as the medium of teaching. 3.0 Methodology 3.1 Introduction This section presents the study design and sets of procedures that were employed for the data collection of this research. The sample for this research was taken from a secondary school in Pasir Gudang, Johor Bahru. Only the Form five students from the low proficient class are involved in the study. 3.2 Subjects The subjects for the study were selected of form five students in a secondary school in Pasir Gudang, Johor Bahru. They were selected from the classes that have the lowest result of English (c and below). 3.3 Instruments Two tests (pre-test and post-test) were used to obtain and collect data in this study. The students literacy was measured using language tests. Two vocabulary tests were conducted in the classroom within 1 week. The students were instructed to tick or cross depending on whether they know the meaning of the word. If yes, then they need to provide the meaning using their own words and the answer in L1. Their test results were collected and analyzed. 3.2 Procedures This approach is based on a questionnaire survey conducted on the target group. The main instrument used for this study is an open-ended vocabulary questionnaire that consists of ten chosen English vocabulary from SPM level essay. Where the students are instructed to tick or cross depending on whether they know the meaning of the word. If yes, then they need to provide the meaning using their own words and the answer in L1. A pre-test was conducted on the students. After the pre-test, the students were divided into two groups, experimental and control. The control group received explanation and discussion of the vocabulary and its meaning in English while the experimental group explanation and discussion were conducted in L1 (Bahasa Melayu). A post-test was done a week later. Both the experimental and control group were given the same format of questionnaire with the same questions/words as previous test. The purpose of the second test was to see how many words were acquired one week before could be remembered, and to see whether there was any difference in the vocabulary acquisition of the new words between the two groups. 3.3 Data analysis A quantitative method was used in processing the data. The data collected in the study was inspected. Tests were objectively marked by the researchers. For each correct answer/ meaning, they were given 1 mark. Data scores were carefully typed into the SPSS data table in order to gain the desired data and analyzed using independent sample T-test analysis. 4.0 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 4.1 Pre-test The objective of the analysis of the questionnaire is to answer the two questions of What are the effects of using L1 in L2 vocabulary learning classroom? and To what extend does the use of L1 increase the performances of L2 vocabulary learning. The results were interpreted independent sample T-test analysis shown in the graph below. The distribution of pre-test score by Class 1 (Experimental Group) is skewed to the right. It has a range from 0 to 2. IQR is 1. The mean and median are similar at 1.1 and 1 respectively. According to this graph, two of the students received 0 marks, 5 of them with 1 mark, and three of them with 3 marks. This could probably due to lack of knowledge of the given words and their meaning. However, from the answered questionnaire received, it could be seen that they do showed sign of positiveness and effort when they do try to answer each words in direct translation using L1 for example homeless, answered as kurang rumah. The distribution of pre-test score by Class 2 (Control Group) is skewed to the right too. It has a range from 0 to 8. IQR is 1. The mean and median are similar at 2 and 1 respectively. Accordingly, I students with 0 mark, 5 students achieved 3 mark, 2 student with 2 mark, I student with 3 marks and only 1 students received 6 marks. This group also showed poor comprehension of the given word although fared slightly better than the experimental group. From the above result, we can see that the post-test mean of Experimental Group (Class 1) is 14.2 and the post-test mean of Control Group (Class 2) is 11.8. Compare with the pre-test mean of Experimental Group (Class 1) is 1.1 and the pre-test mean of Control Group (Class 2) is 2, Experimental Group (Class 1) improve mean of 13.1 and Control Group (Class 2) improve mean of 9.8. The Improvement of Experimental Group (Class 1) is higher than Control Group (Class 2). 4.2 Post-test The distribution of post-test score by Class 1 (Experimental Group) is skewed to the left. It has a range from 11 to 15. IQR is 1. The mean and median are similar at 14.3 and 15 respectively. For this post-test, there seems to be an improvement according to the data results. Eight of students in the experimental group achieved 15 words correct, compared to the previous test where the highest is 3 words correct. The usage of L1 had further enhanced their understanding of the word and therefore resulting them to perform better in the post-test. The distribution of post-test score by Class 2 (Control Group) is skewed to the left too. It has a range from 7 to 13. IQR is 1. The mean and median are similar at 11.8 and 12 respectively. We could see from the result that there is improvement from the pre-test. Eight of the students had managed to get 12 and 13 correct. From the result above, we could see that the usage of L1 in the learning of vocabulary on low proficiency students do have a differences. 4.2 Problems with this study There were also problems and limitation that needed to be addressed in regards to this study. First and foremost, are the time constraints. As we progress with the research, we found that the duration of one week interval is not sufficient to test their understanding and memory. Another matter that concerns us is the insufficient representations of subjects; therefore, generalization could not be made for all form five low proficiency students. From the questionnaires that received back, we could not guaranty on the class control since we, the researcher are not there our self. Therefore, we could not be positive that the test was done under control situation, meaning, the teacher had made sure that the students had answered all the questions on their own. 5.0 CONCLUSION From the independent samples test, p-value was not above 5%, we have found a statistically significant difference between the true population mean post-test result by Experimental Group (Class 1) and Control Group (Class 2) at the significance level. This means that the Experimental Group (Class 1) has the sufficient evidence to suggest that they should teach the students base on their mother tongue language. However, from the result, by using L2 in vocabulary learning, could also achieve improvement. Therefore, it is hard to conclude which of the method is most effective if we were to compare them. However, the result remains that L1 usage do enhance the vocabulary acquisition. Taken together, the effects of using of L1 in L2 vocabulary learning classroom is encouraging and constructive. L1 should be used as a facilitator in the L2 vocabulary learning especially with students of lower proficiency.

Drown: A Consideration Essay -- essays research papers

In Drown, a collection of short stories, author Junot Diaz presents readers with an impoverished group of characters through harsh, but vivid language. Through the voice of Yunior, the narrator throughout the majority of the stories, Diaz places the blame for Yunior’s negativity and rebellious nature on the disappointment caused by his father and the childhood illusion of America. Diaz, through language and symbolism, forces readers into an emotional bond with Yunior while exposing the illusory nature of the American dream. Although intertwined with each story, â€Å"Fiesta, 1980† allows for a more concise discussion of Diaz’s purpose. Diaz’s language, even at first glance, appears very different from conventional authors:Mami’s younger sister- my tia Yrma-finally made it to the United States that year. She and Tio Miguel got themselves an apartment in the Bronx†¦He didn’t say nothing to nobody. (Drown, 23)Two aspects, his Spanish interjections into the text and his tendency to disregard English rules of grammar, surface in the opening of â€Å"Fiesta, 1980.† Yunior’s narratives contain Spanish words an average of about every other sentence. Diaz uses them to keep readers aware of Yunior’s culture and homeland, attempting to stop the â€Å"stifling† effect America often has on immigrants’ cultures. Also, Yunior’s rejection of the norms of English writing, evident in the phrases â€Å"got themselves† and †nothing to nobody† in the above quote, gives his narratives a certain rebellious quality. Not only does he rebel against America’s tendency to smother cultural values but rebelling against American rules in general, even the rules of grammar. Diaz continues his grammatical attack on the United States’ rules with his lack of quotation marks:Papi pulled me to my feet by my ear.If you throw up-I wont I c ried, tears in my eyes†¦Ya, Ramon, ya. It’s not his fault, Mami said.All of the conversations are printed in the manner above, without any quotation marks and sometimes even a new paragraph to indicate another speaker. Diaz successfully attacks the United States in Yunior’s defense, but through language style rather than blatant statements.Yunior’s narration, besides being a political one, also appears very negative, but also extremely personal. His voice is conversational, which has a powerful effect:†¦trooped back into the living room with their plates a-heaping and all the adu... ...ing. Although, in reality, Yunior is able to eat in America, this symbolizes his inability to enjoy any progress his family makes. Papi’s fingers â€Å"weren’t gentle†, once again referring to the difficulty Yunior has accepting America’s reality, harsh and invading. Papi’s reply â€Å"because I said so† alludes to the lack of answers America offers to Yunior’s questioning of authority and the broken promises.Diaz’s symbolism mainly concerns his ideas about the image of America and the reality immigrants must face after such high hopes. Mami and Papi not only represent different countries, but an internal conflict within Yunior. He wants to believe that their family has finally achieved a level of success, but has become so hardened against hoping that he physically and mentally cannot accept it. Overall, the stories in Drown possess both a sadness and an anger.Yunior’s voice, although often vulgar and negative, draws readers into his life. As we read, we form a bond with Yunior. In doing so we move to another level, the political one Diaz wants to express. Thus, in â€Å"knowing† Yunior, Diaz’s cause also becomes important to readers, exposing the American dream for what it is: an illusion.